What is Oxidative Stress?

Baoqi He

Baoqi He
Nov 9, 2022 10:54:28 AM

Stressed cellOxidative stress is an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (free radicals) and antioxidant defenses. [1] The body’s cells produce free radicals, which are nitrogen- or oxygen-containing molecules with an uneven number of electrons [2], during normal metabolic processes. [3] Meanwhile, cells also produce antioxidants that neutralize these free radicals to prevent excessive cell and tissue damage. In general, the body is able to maintain a balance between antioxidants and free radicals. [3] However, this balance could be disrupted under certain conditions or environmental stress or infection, and uncontrolled oxidative stress can accelerate the aging process.[3]

 

Effects of Oxidative Stress on the Body

 

oxidative stress modelFree radicals play an essential role in several biological processes. Many of these are necessary for life, such as the intracellular destruction of bacteria by phagocytes, especially by granulocytes and macrophages. [4] Consequently, an excessive production of the free radicals determines structural modification of cellular proteins and the alteration of their functions, leading to cellular dysfunction and disruption of vital cellular processes. [5][6] Oxidative stress therefore could create damage to fatty tissue, DNA, and proteins in an individual’s body [2], contributing to a series of diseases, such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, inflammatory conditions, high blood pressure, and could even promote cancer development. [2] Factors leading to oxidative stress include a diet high in sugar, fat, and alcohol, as well as an environment with high pollution and radiation. [2][3]

Source: MedicineNet

 

How ABclonal Can Help

 

Although much research is performed to alleviate the effects of oxidative stress on the cells and body, many scientists have also began to consider this phenomenon as an exploitable resource in treating diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disorders. To assist you in your studies of free radicals, antioxidants, and how the body responds to oxidative stress, ABclonal offers a wide array of antibody products targeting the enzymes and markers associated with the maintenance of reactive oxygen species. A selection of our catalog is shown in the table below.

 

Category

Target

Cat.No.

Product Name

ROS production

NADPH oxidase (NOX)

A19701

NOX2/gp91phox Rabbit mAb

A3656

NOX4 Rabbit mAb

Nitric oxide synthase (NOS)

RK05764

Phospho-eNOS-S1177 Antibody kit

Cycloxygenase (COX)

A4301

COX1 Rabbit mAb

Lipoxygenase (ALOX)

A2877

ALOX5 Rabbit mAb

Xanthine oxidase (XOR)

A9022

Xanthine Oxidase Rabbit mAb

Cytochrome P450

A5067

Cytochrome P450 17A1 Rabbit mAb

A9562

Cytochrome P450 2D6 Rabbit mAb

Antioxidases

Superoxide dismutase (SOD)

A12537

SOD1 Rabbit mAb

A19576

SOD2 Rabbit mAb

Catalase (CAT)

A11220

Catalase Rabbit mAb

RK05630

[One Step] CAT Antibody Kit

Glutathioneperoxidase (GPX)

A11166

GPX1 Rabbit mAb

A11243

GPX4 Rabbit mAb

Peroxiredoxin (Prdx)

A4956

PRDX1 Rabbit mAb

A4308

Peroxiredoxin 2 Rabbit mAb

A1919

[KO Validated] PRDX2 Rabbit pAb

A3954

PRDX5 Rabbit mAb

Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR)

A4725

TXNRD1 Rabbit mAb

A8884

TXNRD2 Rabbit mAb

Glutaredoxin (Grx)

A5892

GLRX3 Rabbit pAb

Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1)

A19062

Heme Oxygenase 1 Rabbit mAb

NAD(P)H reductase 1 (NQO-1)

A19586

NQO1 Rabbit mAb

GSH generation

Glutamate-cysteine ligase,catalytic subunit (GCLc)

A4499

GCLC Rabbit mAb

A1038

GCLC Rabbit pAb

Glutamate cysteine ligase, modifier subunit (GCLm)

A11444

GCLM Rabbit mAb

A5314

GCLM Rabbit pAb

Glutathione synthetase (GSS)

A11557

Glutathione Synthetase Rabbit mAb

A14535

[KO Validated] GSS Rabbit pAb

Glutathione reductase (GR)

A4566

GSR Rabbit mAb

NADPH generation

Isocitratede hydrogenase 1 (IDH1)

A5106

IDH1 Rabbit mAb

A2169

IDH1 Rabbit pAb

Malic enzyme 1 (ME1)

A3956

ME1 Rabbit pAb

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH)

A11234

G6PD Rabbit mAb

Glutamate hydrogenase (GLUD)

A5176

GLUD1 Rabbit mAb

 

References

  1. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10693912/
  2. https://www.healthline.com/health/oxidative-stress
  3. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324863#what-is-it
  4. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2020.00694/full
  5. Finkel, T., and Holbrook, N. J. (2000). Oxidants, oxidative stress and the biology of ageing. Nature 408, 239–247. doi: 10.1038/35041687
  6. Kaminski, K. A., Bonda, T. A., Korecki, J., and Musial, W. J. (2002). Oxidative stress and neutrophil activation—the two keystones of ischemia/reperfusion injury. Int. J. Cardiol. 86, 41–59. doi: 10.1016/s0167-5273(02)00189-4

 

Tags: ABclonal News, ABclonal Technology, DNA Damage & Repair, Homeostasis, metabolism, innate immunity, immune response, Antioxidant, Aging, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, oxidation, radicals, free radicals

Baoqi He

Baoqi He

Baoqi is a biological tech support intern at ABClonal. She is a current junior at Davidson College majoring in biology. Baoqi likes exploring various topics related to biology, such as immunology and genetics. She enjoys dancing and reading novels in her spare time.